Buried in Plain Sight: The Dark Foundations of NASA

THE DARK FOUNDATIONS

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The Origins of NASA, Operation Paperclip, and the Occult Roots of the Space Program

A Detailed Historical Report

“For we wrestle not against flesh and blood, but against principalities,

against powers, against the rulers of the darkness of this world,

against spiritual wickedness in high places.”

— Ephesians 6:12

The story of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is one of the most celebrated narratives in modern history. The tale of American ingenuity conquering the heavens, putting men on the moon, and pushing the boundaries of human exploration has been told countless times. But beneath the polished veneer of patriotic achievement lies a far darker foundation—one built upon the expertise of Nazi war criminals, the rituals of self-proclaimed occultists, and the deep involvement of secret societies.

This report examines the well-documented historical record surrounding three key areas: First, Operation Paperclip, the covert U.S. intelligence program that brought over 1,600 German scientists—many of them members of the Nazi Party and the SS—to America after World War II. Second, the foundational role of Jack Parsons, a devoted follower of Aleister Crowley and a self-proclaimed Antichrist, in establishing the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), which became one of NASA’s most critical facilities. Third, the pervasive presence of Freemasonry among NASA’s leadership and astronaut corps, and the occult symbolism woven throughout its missions.

As those who follow Yahushua the Messiah and walk in the Torah, we are called to test all things and hold fast to what is good (1 Thessalonians 5:21). The Scriptures warn us that the adversary presents himself as an angel of light (2 Corinthians 11:14), and that the rulers of this present darkness operate through principalities and powers that most people never perceive. What you will read in this report is not conspiracy theory—it is documented, verifiable history.

PART I: OPERATION PAPERCLIP — NAZIS AT THE HEART OF NASA

The Program That Brought Nazis to America

In the spring of 1945, as Allied forces closed in on Nazi Germany, American military and intelligence officials were already planning for the postwar world. Rather than allow Germany’s most brilliant scientific minds to fall into Soviet hands, the United States launched a covert intelligence operation originally codenamed “Operation Overcast,” which was later renamed “Operation Paperclip.” The name reportedly came from the paperclips used to mark the files of scientists with particularly problematic Nazi backgrounds.

The program’s scope was staggering. Between 1945 and 1990, Operation Paperclip imported approximately 1,600 German scientists, engineers, and technicians to the United States. These were not random recruits—they were drawn from the Osenberg List, a catalogue of scientists and engineers who had been put to work for the Third Reich, recovered by Allied intelligence from a toilet at Bonn University.

President Harry Truman authorized the program with one key stipulation: no one who had been “a member of the Nazi Party, and more than a nominal participant in its activities, or an active supporter of Nazi militarism” was to be admitted. In practice, this restriction was systematically ignored. The Joint Intelligence Objectives Agency (JIOA), which managed the program, routinely altered, sanitized, or outright fabricated background files to make Nazi war criminals appear eligible for entry into the United States.

Wernher von Braun — The Nazi Father of NASA

No figure better embodies the moral compromise at the heart of NASA than Wernher Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun, a Prussian aristocrat who became the face of America’s space program. Born in 1912, von Braun was obsessed with rocketry from his teenage years. In late 1932, the German Army offered to fund his doctoral research in liquid-propellant rocketry—and shortly thereafter, Adolf Hitler became Chancellor of Germany.

Von Braun’s Nazi affiliations were deep and documented:

Nazi Party Membership: German documents show that von Braun himself applied for membership in the Nazi Party on November 12, 1937, despite his later claims that he was forced to join in 1939.

SS Membership: Von Braun joined the SS horseback riding school on November 1, 1933. He later claimed to have left, but his SS number (185,068) was never reissued—indicating he never actually departed the organization. By 1943, he had risen to the rank of SS-Sturmbannführer (Major), a significant rank within Himmler’s feared Schutzstaffel. Photographs exist of von Braun proudly wearing his SS uniform alongside Heinrich Himmler himself.

V-2 Rocket and Slave Labor: As technical director of the Peenemünde Army Research Center, von Braun oversaw the development of the V-2 ballistic missile—the world’s first long-range guided ballistic missile. Germany launched more than 3,000 V-2 missiles against Britain and other Allied targets, indiscriminately killing approximately 5,000 civilians. Far more disturbing, as many as 20,000 concentration camp prisoners died assembling the weapons at the underground Mittelwerk factory. Von Braun personally visited the facility at least a dozen times and is documented to have visited Buchenwald concentration camp to handpick inmates for slave labor.

Yet this man—an SS officer, a Nazi Party member, and a direct beneficiary of concentration camp slave labor—was brought to America, given a new identity, and placed at the very heart of the U.S. space program. He became the first director of NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center in 1960. He was the chief architect of the Saturn V rocket that carried Apollo 11 to the moon. Walt Disney featured him on national television in 1955 as a wholesome American hero. His Nazi past was classified and concealed from the American public for decades.

Other Key Nazi Scientists in NASA

Von Braun was far from alone. A network of former Nazis occupied critical positions throughout NASA and the broader U.S. military-industrial complex:

Kurt Debus was a Nazi Party member and SS officer who became the first director of NASA’s Kennedy Space Center, personally overseeing the launch of the Apollo 11 mission that sent men to the moon. A conference facility at Kennedy Space Center still bears his name today.

Arthur Rudolph had been classified by American officials in Germany as an “ardent Nazi.” He had personally overseen slave labor at the Mittelwerk facility and was present when prisoners were executed. West German and American officials classified him as a war criminal. Yet these accusations were quietly erased from his official file, and Rudolph went on to work at NASA, becoming a key engineer at the Marshall Space Flight Center and managing teams working on the Saturn V rocket. He later publicly stated, “I read Mein Kampf and agreed with a lot of things in it.” He was eventually forced to leave the United States in 1984 when the Office of Special Investigations confronted him with evidence of his war crimes.

Hubertus Strughold made major contributions to the development of space medicine at NASA. He was later connected to horrific human experiments conducted on concentration camp prisoners during the war. He was inducted into the International Space Hall of Fame in 1978 but was removed in 2006 when his wartime record came to fuller light.

Georg Rickhey had managed the acquisition of enslaved workers at the Mittelwerk underground weapons facility, notorious for its brutally inhumane conditions. Though he was initially brought to the U.S. through Paperclip, he was extradited to West Germany on war crimes charges.

In total, approximately 118 German scientists who came through Operation Paperclip formed the core development team at the Marshall Space Flight Center. The National Air and Space Museum has acknowledged that by the mid-1950s, approximately 200 Huntsville Germans—most naturalized as citizens in 1954-1955—constituted 15 to 20 percent of Paperclip’s total intake, and these men led the development of the Saturn rockets that put Americans on the Moon in 1969.

The Nazi Occult Environment

To fully understand what was imported into America through Operation Paperclip, one must understand the deeply occult environment in which these scientists operated in Nazi Germany. The Third Reich was not merely a political regime—it was, at its highest levels, steeped in mysticism and the occult.

The Thule Society: The Nazi Party itself emerged from the Thule Society (Thule-Gesellschaft), a German occultist and völkisch group founded in Munich after World War I and named after a mythical northern country in Greek legend believed to be the ancestral home of the so-called Aryan race. The society’s membership included Rudolf Hess, Alfred Rosenberg, Hans Frank, and Dietrich Eckart—who personally mentored Hitler and to whom Mein Kampf was dedicated. The Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (German Workers’ Party), which Hitler would reorganize into the Nazi Party, was directly sponsored by the Thule Society.

Heinrich Himmler and the Ahnenerbe: Himmler, the Reichsführer-SS under whom von Braun served as an officer, had a well-documented fascination with mysticism, Germanic paganism, and the occult. In 1935, Himmler founded the Ahnenerbe (“Ancestral Heritage”), a pseudoscientific SS organization devoted to researching supposed Aryan origins. The Ahnenerbe sent expeditions to Iceland, Tibet, and other locations searching for evidence of ancient Aryan civilizations and mystical artifacts. Himmler was assisted in establishing the Ahnenerbe by Karl Maria Wiligut, an occultist popular in German ultra-nationalist circles. The SS itself was organized along quasi-mystical, neo-pagan lines, with runic symbols, initiation rituals, and a deliberate blurring of the line between science and metaphysics.

These were not fringe interests within Nazi Germany—they were embedded in the very institutional structures that produced the scientists America brought home. Von Braun held the rank of Major in this occult-tinged organization. The entire V-2 rocket program operated under the authority of the SS. When America imported these men, it imported not merely their technical expertise, but the spiritual atmosphere in which that expertise had been cultivated.

PART II: JACK PARSONS — THE OCCULTIST WHO FOUNDED JPL

The Father of American Rocketry

If the German side of NASA’s foundation was built on Nazism, the American side was built on something equally dark. John Whiteside “Jack” Parsons (1914–1952) is recognized by historians as one of the most important figures in the history of the U.S. space program. He co-founded the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), which remains one of NASA’s most critical facilities for space exploration to this day. He co-founded Aerojet, one of the first American rocket companies. He pioneered the development of solid rocket fuel—versions of which were later used by NASA. A crater on the dark side of the moon is named after him.

But Jack Parsons was also a devoted follower of Aleister Crowley—the man who called himself “The Great Beast 666” and whom the British tabloids called “the wickedest man in the world.” Parsons was a high priest in Crowley’s occult order, a practitioner of sex magic rituals, and a self-proclaimed Antichrist. Among aerospace insiders, JPL was nicknamed “Jack Parsons’ Laboratory” or “Jack Parsons Lives.”

Conversion to Thelema

In January 1939, Parsons and his wife Helen were introduced to the Church of Thelema in Hollywood, where they witnessed the performance of the “Gnostic Mass”—a ritual devised by Aleister Crowley as a deliberate perversion of the Catholic Mass. Thelema was a religion Crowley claimed to have received in Cairo, Egypt in 1904, when a spirit being called “Aiwass” allegedly dictated to him a prophetic text known as The Book of the Law. Thelema drew upon ancient Egyptian deities, sex rituals, and a range of Eastern and Western mysticism. Its central commandment was “Do what thou wilt shall be the whole of the Law.”

Parsons was immediately captivated. He and Helen joined the Agape Lodge, the California branch of Crowley’s Ordo Templi Orientis (O.T.O.)—a quasi-Masonic organization that practiced sexual magic. During the Gnostic Mass, worshippers consumed so-called “Cakes of Light,” which were made of flour, honey, oil, ash, and often bodily fluids. Parsons began reading Crowley’s works voraciously and was soon performing ritual magic himself.

Parsons’ devotion to Thelema was total. He gave almost all of his salary to support the O.T.O. and sent money directly to Crowley in London. At Crowley’s bidding, Parsons replaced Wilfred Talbot Smith as leader of the Agape Lodge in 1942. He referred to Crowley as his “Most Beloved Father” and signed his letters “thy son, John.” He used his mansion on Orange Grove Boulevard—on Pasadena’s “Millionaire’s Row”—as the Lodge’s headquarters, transforming it into a commune for bohemians, artists, anarchists, and occultists.

Occultism and Rocketry: Two Sides of One Coin

What makes Parsons’ story so significant is that he did not separate his occult practices from his scientific work. For Parsons, rocketry and the occult were two sides of the same coin. He famously recited Crowley’s poem “Hymn to Pan” as a good luck invocation before rocket tests at GALCIT (the predecessor to JPL). He performed ritual magic at his workplace and frequently invited colleagues to attend occult ceremonies. His co-workers described him performing these recitations in an ecstatic manner compared to the preaching of Billy Graham.

The location of JPL itself, near the site of Devil’s Gate Dam in Pasadena, was reportedly selected by Parsons due to his belief that the location was a portal to Hell. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory was officially founded on October 31—Halloween—in 1936. Whether these are coincidences or intentional choices, they speak to the spiritual atmosphere surrounding the birth of American rocketry.

The Babalon Working: Summoning the Antichrist

The darkest chapter of Parsons’ occult career came in 1945–1946, when he performed a series of rituals known as the “Babalon Working” with none other than L. Ron Hubbard, the future founder of Scientology. Hubbard had arrived at Parsons’ commune in August 1945 and quickly became Parsons’ closest magical collaborator.

The Babalon Working was a series of intense magical ceremonies based on Enochian magic—a system developed by the 16th-century alchemist John Dee that some scholars believe was designed to set in motion the destructive forces of the Apocalypse described in the Book of Revelation. Beginning in December 1945, Parsons conducted rituals involving the use of blood and semen on magical tablets, chanting in the Enochian tongue, accompanied by classical music. Hubbard served as his “scribe,” detecting magical phenomena.

The stated purpose of the Babalon Working was breathtaking in its blasphemy: Parsons sought to invoke the Thelemic goddess “Babalon”—a figure directly derived from the “Whore of Babylon” described in Revelation 17, who rides the Beast and is drunk on the blood of the saints. Parsons and Hubbard aimed to magically conceive a “Moonchild”—a Thelemic messiah who would embody the spirit of Babalon and usher in a new age called the “Aeon of Horus.” In Crowley’s system, this was explicitly an anti-Messiah figure, intended to overthrow the current spiritual order.

After completing the rituals in the Mojave Desert in February 1946, Parsons returned home to find Marjorie Cameron waiting at his door—a red-haired woman he believed to be the “elemental” manifestation of Babalon that he had summoned. He began performing sex magic rituals with Cameron while Hubbard continued as assistant. Parsons later wrote a text he called Liber 49, or The Book of Babalon, which he claimed was a fourth chapter of Crowley’s Book of the Law, dictated to him by the goddess Babalon herself.

Even Aleister Crowley was disturbed by what Parsons and Hubbard were doing. In correspondence with his associate Karl Germer, Crowley wrote: “Apparently Parsons or Hubbard or somebody is producing a Moonchild. I get fairly frantic when I contemplate the idiocy of these louts!”

The Self-Proclaimed Antichrist

After Hubbard eventually betrayed Parsons—stealing his money and running off with his girlfriend—Parsons descended further into occultism. He formally proclaimed himself the Antichrist, taking an “Oath of the Antichrist” in which he declared himself to embody an entity named “Belarion Armillus Al Dajjal, the Antichrist,” who had “come to fulfill the law of the Beast 666”—meaning Aleister Crowley. He practiced black magic, witchcraft, and voodoo, and reported having out-of-body experiences in which he was transported to the biblical city of Chorazin—one of the cities cursed by Yahushua Himself (Matthew 11:21).

Parsons died on June 17, 1952, in a mysterious explosion in his home laboratory in Pasadena. Whether it was accident, suicide, or murder has never been definitively determined. His wife scattered his ashes in the Mojave Desert, where he had once conducted both rocket tests and occult rituals.

This is the man whose work helped establish the Jet Propulsion Laboratory—one of the crown jewels of NASA’s infrastructure, still operational today as the primary center for robotic exploration of the solar system.

PART III: FREEMASONRY AND NASA

Masonic Leadership at NASA

The connections between Freemasonry and NASA are not speculation—they are openly acknowledged by the Masonic organizations themselves. The Scottish Rite of Freemasonry’s own publications celebrate the extensive Masonic involvement in America’s space program.

Key figures include:

T. Keith Glennan, the first Administrator of NASA, was a Yale graduate and member of Skull and Bones.

James Edwin Webb, NASA’s administrator from 1961 to 1968—the critical years leading up to Apollo 11—was a known Freemason.

C. Fred Kleinknecht, who served as manager of the Apollo Program at NASA, later became the Sovereign Grand Commander of the 33rd Degree Supreme Council of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry, Southern Jurisdiction. This is the highest position in Scottish Rite Freemasonry in the United States. He held this position for eighteen years until his retirement in 2003.

Masonic Astronauts

Numerous astronauts throughout NASA’s history have been confirmed Freemasons, according to the Scottish Rite’s own records:

Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin Jr. — the second man to walk on the moon during Apollo 11—was an active Freemason, a member of Clear Lake Lodge No. 1417 in Texas. According to the Scottish Rite’s own publication, the Grand Master of Texas approved Aldrin’s request to open a Representation of the Grand Lodge of Texas on the Moon and establish Masonic Territorial Jurisdiction there. Aldrin carried a handmade silk Masonic flag embroidered with the words “Supreme Council, 33°, Southern Jurisdiction, USA” to the lunar surface and later presented it at the House of the Temple in Washington, D.C. The November 1969 issue of The New Age Magazine, the official Scottish Rite publication, declared: “When man reaches new worlds, Masonry will be there!”

John Glenn Jr. — the first American to orbit the Earth—was made a “Mason at sight” by the Grand Master of Ohio and received the honorary 33° degree.

Leroy Gordon Cooper Jr. — a Master Mason of Carbondale Lodge No. 82 in Colorado, a member of the Shrine and York Rite, who also received the honorary 33° degree from the Scottish Rite.

Donn Eisele — Apollo 7 astronaut, a Freemason of Luther B. Turner Lodge No. 732 in Ohio.

Virgil “Gus” Grissom — Master Mason from Mitchell Lodge No. 228 in Indiana, who died in the Apollo 1 fire.

Edgar Mitchell — Apollo 14 astronaut who walked on the lunar surface, a Freemason of Artesia Lodge No. 29 in New Mexico.

James Irwin — Apollo 15 astronaut, a Freemason at Tejon Lodge No. 104 in Colorado Springs.

Apollo Mission Symbolism

The very name “Apollo” chosen for America’s moon program is itself deeply significant. Apollo is not merely a figure from Greek mythology—in Scripture, the name appears in Revelation 9:11 as “Apollyon,” the angel of the bottomless pit, the Destroyer. The Hebrew equivalent is “Abaddon.” That America’s flagship space program bears the name of this entity is, at minimum, a striking choice.

The mission patches and logos of the Apollo program have been noted by researchers for their repeated use of imagery associated with ancient Egyptian religion and esoteric symbolism. Some researchers have observed that the stylized “A” in the Apollo logo appears to incorporate the constellation Orion—which in Egyptian mythology represents Osiris, the god of the dead and the underworld.

Farouk El-Baz, the Egyptian-American scientist responsible for developing the Apollo 11 landing site selection and launch window, has been noted by researchers for the timing and coordinates of the landing. According to these analyses, exactly thirty-three minutes after landing at the chosen site, Orion’s Belt would have been perfectly aligned on the moon’s horizon. The number 33 holds supreme significance in Freemasonry as the highest degree of the Scottish Rite.

PART IV: A SCRIPTURAL PERSPECTIVE

The Tower of Babel Pattern

When we examine the origins of NASA through the lens of Scripture, a familiar pattern emerges. In Genesis 11:4, the people said, “Come, let us build us a city and a tower, whose top may reach unto heaven; and let us make us a name, lest we be scattered abroad upon the face of the whole earth.”

The impulse to “reach unto heaven”—to ascend beyond the boundaries Yahuah has established—is as old as human rebellion itself. It is the same impulse described in Isaiah 14:13–14, where Lucifer declared: “I will ascend into heaven, I will exalt my throne above the stars of Elohim… I will be like the Most High.”

Jack Parsons explicitly understood his rocketry work in these terms. For him, rocketry freed the body from the bonds of Earth, while the occult freed the mind and soul. He saw both pursuits as part of the same spiritual project—the ascent of man beyond divine boundaries. That the Babalon Working drew directly upon the imagery of Revelation—the Whore of Babylon, the Beast, the Antichrist—makes the spiritual dimension of this endeavor unmistakable.

The Mixing of Clean and Unclean

The Torah teaches the fundamental principle of separation—between clean and unclean, holy and profane, light and darkness. In Leviticus 10:10, Yahuah commands: “And that ye may put difference between holy and unholy, and between unclean and clean.”

Operation Paperclip represents perhaps the most dramatic violation of this principle in modern history. Men who served the most systematically evil regime in human memory—who wore the SS uniform, who benefited from slave labor, who participated in a system that murdered millions—were not merely tolerated but celebrated, honored, and placed in positions of national leadership. Their records were not merely overlooked but actively falsified to make them appear clean.

2 Corinthians 6:14 asks, “What fellowship hath righteousness with unrighteousness? And what communion hath light with darkness?” The answer, according to Scripture, is none. Yet the United States government deliberately chose to build its most prestigious scientific achievement upon this exact kind of unholy fellowship.

The Significance of Names and Symbols

In Hebrew thought, names carry profound spiritual significance. Yahuah named the things He created, and Adam was given authority to name the creatures in the garden. Throughout Scripture, names reveal nature, purpose, and spiritual reality.

That the American space program was named after Apollo—the Destroyer of Revelation 9:11—deserves serious reflection. That its most critical laboratory was founded by a self-proclaimed Antichrist who performed rituals invoking the Whore of Babylon is not a minor historical footnote. That its leadership and astronaut corps were heavily populated by members of a fraternal order whose rituals, symbols, and degree structure are rooted in the mystery religions of ancient Egypt and Babylon speaks to the spiritual forces operating behind the scenes.

Yahushua said, “By their fruits ye shall know them” (Matthew 7:20). When we examine the roots of NASA, we find Nazi war criminals, occultist rituals invoking anti-Messiah figures, and the pervasive presence of secret societies. These are the fruits by which we may discern the spiritual tree from which this institution grew.

CONCLUSION

This report has documented three streams of darkness that converged to form the foundation of NASA and the American space program:

First, Operation Paperclip brought approximately 1,600 German scientists to America—many of them Nazi Party members, SS officers, and beneficiaries of concentration camp slave labor—and placed them in the most senior positions within the U.S. rocket and space programs. Their Nazi records were deliberately sanitized and concealed from the American public. These men operated within a Third Reich culture that was, at its highest levels, steeped in Teutonic mysticism and occult pseudo-science through organizations like Himmler’s Ahnenerbe and the broader SS apparatus.

Second, Jack Parsons, one of the most important founding figures of American rocketry and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, was a devoted disciple of Aleister Crowley, the head of an occult lodge, a practitioner of sex magic and Enochian rituals, and a self-proclaimed Antichrist who performed ceremonies explicitly designed to invoke the Whore of Babylon and birth an anti-Messiah figure. He saw no separation between his rocket science and his occultism—both were expressions of the same desire to transcend the boundaries of the physical world.

Third, Freemasonry has maintained a pervasive and openly acknowledged presence throughout NASA’s history, from its earliest administrators to its most celebrated astronauts. Masonic flags were carried to the lunar surface. Masonic territorial jurisdiction was formally claimed on the moon. The symbolism of the Apollo program—bearing the name of the Destroyer from Revelation—reflects themes consistent with esoteric and Masonic tradition.

None of this is hidden. It is all documented in mainstream historical sources, in Masonic publications, in NASA’s own archives, and in the writings of the individuals involved. The question is not whether these things are true—the question is what they mean.

For those who walk in Torah and follow Yahushua the Messiah, the answer is clear. We are told to “have no fellowship with the unfruitful works of darkness, but rather reprove them” (Ephesians 5:11). We are told that “the whole world lieth in wickedness” (1 John 5:19). We are told that the rulers of this present age operate through spiritual forces that most people never perceive (Ephesians 6:12).

The history of NASA reveals that the most celebrated achievements of modern science and technology were not built on a foundation of righteousness. They were built upon a foundation of compromise with evil—the deliberate importation of war criminals, the occult invocations of a self-proclaimed Antichrist, and the rituals of secret societies whose symbols and practices reach back to the mystery religions of ancient Babylon and Egypt.

Let those who have ears hear what the Spirit is saying. Let us test all things, hold fast to what is good, and walk in the light of Yahuah’s truth—even when that light reveals uncomfortable realities about the world around us.

“And have no fellowship with the unfruitful works of darkness,

but rather reprove them.”

— Ephesians 5:11

SOURCES AND FURTHER READING

Historical and Mainstream Sources:

National Air and Space Museum (Smithsonian) — “Project Paperclip and American Rocketry after World War II” by Dr. Michael Neufeld

PBS American Experience — “Wernher von Braun and the Nazis”

National Geographic — “How Operation Paperclip brought Nazi scientists to the U.S.”

Britannica — “Operation Paperclip | Definition, History, & World War II”

Time Magazine — “How Historians Are Reckoning With the Former Nazi Who Launched America’s Space Program”

Slate — “The Nazis in the Space Program” (2023)

BBC Science Focus — “Nazis, Magic and McCarthyism: The Dark History of Early American Space Exploration”

Science History Institute — “The Sex-Cult ‘Antichrist’ Who Rocketed Us to Space” (Parts 1 & 2)

Wikipedia — Entries on Jack Parsons, Wernher von Braun, Operation Paperclip, Babalon Working, Thule Society, Ahnenerbe

Masonic Sources:

Scottish Rite of Freemasonry, Northern Masonic Jurisdiction — “Among the Stars: Freemason Astronauts”

Scottish Rite of Freemasonry, NMJ — “Buzz Aldrin, Freemason”

The New Age Magazine, November 1969 issue (Official Scottish Rite publication)

Books:

Neufeld, Michael J. — Von Braun: Dreamer of Space, Engineer of War

Pendle, George — Strange Angel: The Otherworldly Life of Rocket Scientist John Whiteside Parsons

Carter, John — Sex and Rockets: The Occult World of Jack Parsons

MacDonald, Fraser — Escape from Earth: A Secret History of the Space Rocket

Jacobsen, Annie — Operation Paperclip: The Secret Intelligence Program That Brought Nazi Scientists to America

Lichtblau, Eric — The Nazis Next Door: How America Became a Safe Haven for Hitler’s Men