The Parables

Hebrew symbols, spoken to Hebrew men, out of Hebrew Scripture. Everything added since is invention.

The parables are treated as the shallow end of Scripture. They are handed to children on felt boards and preached to adults as moral encouragement. A man can sit through forty years of sermons on the sower, the talents, and the ten virgins and never once be shown a verse of Torah that any of them was built from.

The reason is simple, and it is almost never said out loud. Yahushua was a Hebrew teacher speaking to Hebrew men, and every image He used came out of the Scriptures those men had known since childhood. They had no gospels, no epistles, no commentaries, no systematic theology. They had Torah, the Prophets, and the Writings, and nothing else. A lamp, a vineyard, a door, a seed, a shepherd, a debt, a harvest — not one of those was a blank symbol waiting to be filled in. Every one of them already carried a history in the text those men had memorized. He was not inventing symbols. He was using theirs.

He said as much Himself, and He said it by quoting the Psalms:

I will open my mouth in a parable: I will utter dark sayings of old.

Psalm 78:2, cited at Matthew 13:35

Old is the word that matters. Not new sayings. Old ones, spoken in a form that hid them in the open.

Cut a parable loose from the Hebrew Scriptures and it has nowhere left to go but a moral. That is how the sower became a lesson about attitude and the ten virgins became a lesson about punctuality. The symbols are still sitting there, still unexplained, and the man in the pulpit fills them himself because nothing else is available to fill them with.

What follows from that is worse than shallow preaching. Once the meaning has been unmoored, whoever is talking gets to supply it. A man announces that he has uncovered a hidden layer nobody else has seen, assigns his own values to the numbers and the objects, and an audience with no way to test any of it mistakes the confidence for depth. It is not depth. It is one man's opinion wearing a parable, and the parable cannot defend itself because it has already been separated from the only thing that could.

The test is not complicated. If a meaning cannot be found in the Scriptures the original audience already held in their hands, it was not in the parable. It was added.

There is a second cost, and it is quieter. Cut loose from the Hebrew Scriptures, the meaning always shrinks to fit what the teacher already believes. A parable about a priesthood becomes advice about being on time. A parable about a covenant becomes a lesson in being pleasant to people. The parable then appears to confirm the doctrine it was just used to illustrate, and the circle closes with nothing outside it left to break the loop.

These studies add nothing. They put back what was underneath the stories the whole time, and they let the Hebrew Scriptures say what the symbols meant to the men who first heard them.

The Foundation Dark Sayings of Old What a mashal is, and why every study below rests on it. Read first The Sayings Sayings, Not Parables Six passages counted among the parables that are not parables, and what each one actually says. Read

The Parables in Order

42 parables

Numbered once, and the number follows a parable into every gospel that tells it. Choose a gospel to read them in that gospel's order, or search by name or reference.

11 of 42 studies written

  1. The Children of the Bridechamber
    Mark 2:18-20 · Matthew 9:14-15 · Luke 5:33-35
    MKMTLK
  2. New Cloth on an Old Garment
    Mark 2:21 · Matthew 9:16 · Luke 5:36
    MKMTLK
  3. New Wine in Old Bottles
    Mark 2:22 · Matthew 9:17 · Luke 5:37-39
    MKMTLK
  4. The Strong Man Bound
    Mark 3:27 · Matthew 12:29 · Luke 11:21-22
    MKMTLK
  5. The Sower
    Mark 4:1-20 · Matthew 13:3-9, 18-23 · Luke 8:4-15
    MKMTLK
  6. The Seed Growing Secretly
    Mark 4:26-29
    MKMark alone
  7. The Mustard Seed
    Mark 4:30-32 · Matthew 13:31-32 · Luke 13:18-19
    MKMTLK
  8. The Wicked Husbandmen
    Mark 12:1-12 · Matthew 21:33-46 · Luke 20:9-19
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  9. The Budding Fig Tree
    Mark 13:28-31 · Matthew 24:32-35 · Luke 21:29-33
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  10. The Watchful Doorkeeper
    Mark 13:34-37
    MKMark alone
  11. The Wise and Foolish Builders
    Matthew 7:24-27 · Luke 6:47-49
    MTLK
  12. The Unclean Spirit Returns
    Matthew 12:43-45 · Luke 11:24-26
    MTLK
  13. The Tares Among the Wheat
    Matthew 13:24-30, 36-43
    MTMatthew alone
  14. The Leaven
    Matthew 13:33 · Luke 13:20-21
    MTLK
  15. The Hidden Treasure
    Matthew 13:44
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  16. The Pearl of Great Price
    Matthew 13:45-46
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  17. The Dragnet
    Matthew 13:47-50
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  18. The Lost Sheep
    Matthew 18:12-14 · Luke 15:3-7
    MTLK
  19. The Unforgiving Servant
    Matthew 18:23-35
    MTMatthew alone
  20. The Labourers in the Vineyard
    Matthew 20:1-16
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  21. The Two Sons
    Matthew 21:28-32
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  22. The Marriage of the King's Son
    Matthew 22:1-14
    MTMatthew alone
  23. The Faithful and the Evil Servant
    Matthew 24:45-51 · Luke 12:42-48
    MTLK
  24. The Ten Virgins
    Matthew 25:1-13
    MTMatthew alone
  25. The Talents
    Matthew 25:14-30
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  26. The Sheep and the Goats
    Matthew 25:31-46
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  27. The Two Debtors
    Luke 7:41-43
    LKLuke alone
  28. The Good Samaritan
    Luke 10:25-37
    LKLuke alone
  29. The Friend at Midnight
    Luke 11:5-8
    LKLuke alone
  30. The Rich Fool
    Luke 12:16-21
    LKLuke alone
  31. The Watchful Servants
    Luke 12:35-40
    LKLuke alone
  32. The Barren Fig Tree
    Luke 13:6-9
    LKLuke alone
  33. The Lowest Seat at the Feast
    Luke 14:7-11
    LKLuke alone
  34. The Great Supper
    Luke 14:16-24
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  35. The Lost Coin
    Luke 15:8-10
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  36. The Prodigal Son
    Luke 15:11-32
    LKLuke alone
  37. The Unjust Steward
    Luke 16:1-13
    LKLuke alone
  38. The Rich Man and Lazarus
    Luke 16:19-31
    LKLuke alone
  39. The Unprofitable Servant
    Luke 17:7-10
    LKLuke alone
  40. The Importunate Widow
    Luke 18:1-8
    LKLuke alone
  41. The Pharisee and the Publican
    Luke 18:9-14
    LKLuke alone
  42. The Pounds
    Luke 19:11-27
    LKLuke alone

Why John is not here

The gospel of John records no parables. Matthew, Mark, and Luke use the word parabole about fifty times between them. John never uses it once. What John uses is a different word, paroimia, and only three times — at the shepherd and the door in John 10:6, and again in John 16:25 and 16:29. A paroimia is a figure of speech, a saying set beside the plain thing it stands for.

The shape of the teaching differs as well. A parable is a story with its own people and its own events, and none of them are the speaker. The meaning is withheld on purpose. John contains no such stories. The vine, the door, the shepherd, the bread, the light — these are single images, and Yahushua names Himself as the image in the same breath He speaks it. Nothing is withheld.

Those images belong to the Hebrew Scriptures that produced them. The shepherd of John 10 belongs to Ezekiel 34. The vine of John 15 belongs to Isaiah 5 and Psalm 80. Read there, they are not a claim to be the Father. Ezekiel's one shepherd is the servant set over the flock by Yahuah, and the vine of John 15 has a husbandman standing over it who is plainly another.

Why some familiar passages are not numbered

Six passages commonly counted among the parables are not on this timeline. The lamp under a bushel, the mote and the beam, treasures new and old, the blind leading the blind, the guests who cannot repay, and the tower builder with the king going to war are sayings rather than parables. Each is instruction with an image attached, and each explains itself where it stands. They are not set aside.

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