Virgins Not Defiled with Women
those who refused false religious systems
- Root
- Exod 34:15-16 · zanah (H2181)
- Old Testament chain
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- Exod 34:15-16
- Ps 32:2
- Isa 53:9
- Ezek 16:15
- Zeph 3:13
- Rev 14:4-5
- New Testament
- Rev 14:4; Rev 14:5; Jas 4:4
The Torah first names spiritual adultery when Israel is warned not to "go a whoring after their gods" (Exod 34:15-16). Ezekiel and Hosea build whole prophecies on Israel as an unfaithful wife (Ezek 16; Hos 1-3), while the faithful are those "in whose spirit there is no guile" (Ps 32:2), the remnant in whose mouth no "deceitful tongue" is found (Zeph 3:13). In Revelation 14:4-5 women represent religious systems, chiefly the harlot, so the virgins are those who refused to join a false religious system, and no dolos, bait on a hook, is in their mouth. Readings of the 144,000 as literal celibate men misplace the image; it has nothing to do with gender or physical purity.
From The Courtroom of Heaven, pp. 225–226